In software testing, several key functions are frequently used to ensure the quality, correctness, and performance of a software product. Here are some important ones:

1. Test Case Creation
Function: Define specific conditions and inputs to test the software.
Purpose: Ensure that each aspect of the application works as expected.

2. Test Execution
Function: Running the test cases manually or using automated tools.
Purpose: Validate the application’s functionality against the expected outcomes.

3. Assertion Functions
Common Functions: assertEqual(), assertTrue(), assertFalse(), assertNull(), etc.
Purpose: Compare the expected result with the actual result to verify correctness.

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4. Test Automation Functions
Function: Automating repetitive test cases using tools like Selenium, JUnit, or TestNG.
Purpose: Save time, improve accuracy, and allow for continuous testing.

5. Setup and Teardown Functions
Setup Function: setUp()
Teardown Function: tearDown()
Purpose: Set up the environment before tests run and clean up resources after the tests.

6. Mocking and Stubbing
Functions: mock(), patch(), stub()
Purpose: Simulate external systems or objects in unit testing to isolate the code being tested.

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7. Logging and Reporting Functions
Functions: log(), generateReport()
Purpose: Record test execution details and generate reports for analysis.

8. Boundary Testing Functions
Functions: Validate the software’s response to edge or boundary inputs (e.g., inputLengthTest()).
Purpose: Ensure the software handles edge cases and extreme inputs.

9. Performance Testing Functions
Functions: loadTest(), stressTest()
Purpose: Test the application's performance under varying conditions, such as heavy load or limited resources.

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